苯氧化制順酐的方法：
Method of benzene oxidation to maleic anhydride:
將苯與空氣混合(苯為1%-1.4%)經(jīng)換熱器預(yù)熱后，進人列管式催化反應(yīng)器。在壓力為0.1-0.2MPa、溫度為350-400℃的反應(yīng)條件下進行氧化反應(yīng)，所得產(chǎn)物經(jīng)兩臺換熱器、一臺冷卻器后，冷卻到接近露點(55―65℃)。冷卻后的反應(yīng)物進入分離器，分離器底部得粗順酐，進入粗順酐罐。分離器頂部流出物進人洗滌塔，用水洗滌，塔頂為多余空氣和未反應(yīng)的苯，苯可用吸附回收。洗滌塔塔底水溶液進人脫水器，分離出水，所得粗順酐進人粗順酐罐。粗順酐進一步進人蒸餾塔進行蒸餾精制，得順酐。所得山東順酐可進行異構(gòu)化得富馬酸和蘋果酸。
Benzene is mixed with air (benzene is 1%-1.4%) and preheated by heat exchanger before entering tubular catalytic reactor. The oxidation reaction is carried out under the reaction conditions of pressure 0.1-0.2mpa and temperature 350-400 ℃. The obtained product is cooled to close to the dew point (55-65 ℃) after passing through two heat exchangers and a cooler. The cooled reactant enters the separator, and the crude maleic anhydride at the bottom of the separator enters the crude maleic anhydride tank. The effluent from the top of the separator enters the washing tower and is washed with water. The top of the tower is excess air and unreacted benzene, which can be recovered by adsorption. The water solution at the bottom of the washing tower is sent to the dehydrator to separate the water, and the obtained crude maleic anhydride is sent to the crude maleic anhydride tank. Crude maleic anhydride is further put into the distillation tower for distillation and refining to obtain maleic anhydride. The obtained Shandong maleic anhydride can be isomerized to fumaric acid and malic acid.
順酐有強烈刺激氣味。溶于乙醇、乙醚和丙酮，難溶于石油醚和四氯化碳。與熱水作用而成馬來酸。用于雙烯合成、制藥物、農(nóng)藥、染料中間體及制聚酯樹脂、醇酸樹脂、馬來酸等有機酸，也用作脂肪和油防腐劑等。由苯經(jīng)催化氧化，或由丁烯或丁烷用空氣氧化而制得。
Maleic anhydride has a strong pungent smell. Soluble in ethanol, ether and acetone, insoluble in petroleum ether and carbon tetrachloride. It reacts with hot water to form maleic acid. It is used in diene synthesis, drugs, pesticides, dye intermediates, polyester resin, alkyd resin, maleic acid and other organic acids, as well as fat and oil preservatives. It is prepared by catalytic oxidation of benzene or oxidation of butene or butane with air.
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